Technical overviews of engineering methods applied to coastal slope protection and monitoring in Italy.
Structural
Ground anchors, soil nails, and gabion retaining walls used to stabilise steep coastal faces in Italy.
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Hydraulic
Horizontal drain boreholes, surface channels, and geocomposite layers that manage groundwater in coastal hillsides.
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Monitoring
Inclinometers, GPS benchmarks, extensometers, and satellite InSAR data used to track slope movement.
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